NAME: General der
Panzertruppe Traugott Herr
PW NO: A267647 or A267467
(Contradictory evidence)
RANK: General der Panzertruppe
CAPTURED: Italy
DATE: 2 May 1945
PERSONAL
DATE OF BIRTH: 16 September
1890
PLACE OF BIRTH: Weferlingen/Kreis
Gardelegen in der Altmark
DATE OF DEATH: 13 April 1976
PLACE OF DEATH: Achterwehr/Schleswig-Holstein
NATIONALITY: German
RELIGION: Evangelical
OCCUPATION: Regular Soldier
HEIGHT: 6'
WEIGHT: 150lbs
HAIR
COLOUR: Blonde
EYE
COLOUR: Blue
NEXT OF KIN: Eckerde
UB. Barsinghausen Bei Hanover (British Zone)
Promotions:
- Fahnenjunker: 18 April 1911
- Fahnenjunker-Unteroffizier: 9 August 1911
- Fähnrich: 19 December 1911 (V3v)
- Leutnant: 18 August 1912 (E)
- Oberleutnant: 28 November 1917 (1)
- Hauptmann: 1 January 1926 (7)
- Major: 1 June 1934 (22)
- Oberstleutnant: 1 October 1936 (61)
- Oberst: 1 August 1939 (32) (RDA later changed
to 1 April 1938 (12a))
- Generalmajor: 1 April 1942 (16)
- Generalleutnant: 15 February 1943 (RDA 1 December
1942 (19a))
- General der Panzertruppe: 1 September 1943 (3)
Commands & Assignments:
- 18 April 1911: Entered the Army as a Fahnenjunker
in Füsilier-Regiment Prinz Heinrich von Preußen (1. Brandenburgisches)
Nr.35, Brandenburg/Havel.
- October 1911-July 1912: Detached to the Glogau
War School.
- 5 August 1914: In the field with Fusilier Regiment
35.
- 10 October 1914: Adjutant of the II. Battalion
of Fusilier Regiment 35.
- 12 December 1914: Wounded/in hospital.
- 12 January 1915: Again, Adjutant of the II. Battalion
of Fusilier Regiment 35.
- 1 March 1916: Deputy Regimental Adjutant of Fusilier
Regiment 35.
- 19 March 1916: Adjutant of the II. Battalion of
Fusilier Regiment 35.
- 31 August 1916: Wounded/in hospital.
- 20 October 1916: Allocated to the Replacement
Battalion of Fusilier Regiment 35.
- 1 December 1916: Training as a Machinegun Company
Leader with the 2nd Replacement Machinegun Company of the III Army Corps.
- 15 January 1917: Leader of the 2nd Machinegun
Company of Infantry Regiment 451.
- 6 November 1917: Machinegun Officer on the Staff
of the 234th Infantry Division.
- 14 February 1918: Returned to Infantry Regiment
451.
- 24 February 1918: Machinegun Officer on the Staff
of Infantry Regiment 451.
- 1 March 1918: Deputy Battalion Leader in Infantry
Regiment 451.
- 29 June 1918: Sick/in hospital.
- 22 July 1918: Returned to Infantry Regiment 451.
- 14 December 1918: Company Leader in the Replacement
Battalion of Fusilier Regiment 35.
- 1 February 1919: Adjutant of the Brandenburg District
Command.
- 23 October 1919: Transferred to the 3rd Machinegun
Company of Reichswehr Infantry Regiment 5 of Reichswehr-Brigade 3.
- 25 October 1920: Adjutant of the Fusilier Battalion
of Reichswehr Infantry Regiment 5 of Reichswehr-Brigade 3.
- 1 November 1920: Leader of the Transitory Battalion
of Reichswehr Infantry Regiment 5 of Reichswehr-Brigade 3.
- 1 January 1921: Transferred to the 4th Machinegun
Company of the 9th (Prussian) Infantry Regiment upon the formation of the new Reichsheer
from the Übergangsheer or Transitional Army.
- 19 June 1922-7 July 1922: At the same time, Deputy
Company Leader in the 9th (Prussian) Infantry Regiment.
- 1 October 1923: Transferred to the 9th (Prussian)
Reiter [Mounted]-Regiment, Fürstenwalde, and detached to Wehrkreis [Military
District] Command III.
- 1 October 1924: Returned to the 9th (Prussian)
Infantry Regiment.
- 29 September 1925-23 December 1925: Detached for
driving technical training with the 3rd (Prussian) Motorized Battalion.
- 1 February 1926: Hauptmann on the Staff of the
9th (Prussian) Infantry Regiment.
- 21 April 1926-6 May 1926: Detached for training
with the 3rd (Prussian) Motorized Battalion.
- 28 June 1926-23 July 1926: Detached for training
with the 3rd (Prussian) Motorized Battalion.
- 1 February 1927: Chief of the 4th Machinegun Company
of the 9th (Prussian) Infantry Regiment.
- 26 September 1927-15 October 1927: Detached to
a heavy machinegun course at Döberitz.
- 1 October 1929-21 December 1929: Detached for
driving training with the 3rd (Prussian) Motorized Battalion.
- 6 January 1931-13 February 1931: Detached to the
Tactical-Technical Officers Course at the Motorized Training Command,
Berlin.
- 1 July 1933: Tactics Instructor at the Infantry
School; renamed the Dresden War School on 1 January 1935.
- 1 January 1937: Commander of the III. Battalion
of Infantry Regiment 33 (Motorized), Zerbst.
- 26 August 1939: Commander of Infantry Replacement
Regiment 13 (Motorized) of the 191st Division. [Based in Madgeburg,
this training and replacement regiment provided basic training for new
recruits.]
- 18 September 1939: Commander of Infantry Regiment
66 (Motorized) of the 13th Infantry Division (Motorized). [In September 1939, the division, commanded by Generalleutnant Moritz Faber du
Faur (Generalleutnant Paul Otto from 7 September 1939), took
part in the invasion of Poland during which it helped encircle and defeat
seven Polish divisions in the Radom Pocket. Taking command on 1 November
1939, Generalmajor Friedrich-Wilhelm von Rothkirch und Panthen led the
13th Infantry Division (Motorized) during the invasion of France in
May 1940. Subordinated
to Panzer Group “Kleist,” the division followed in the wake of the rapidly
advancing armored spearheads and established a defensive line on the
Somme. During the second phase of the Battle of France, the division
was attached to General der Kavallerie Erich Hoepner’s XVI Army Corps
(Motorized) under Panzer Group “Kleist.” After crossing the Seine, Hoepner’s
corps plunged deep into southern France reaching the area around Lyon
in the Rhône Valley by the time the Franco-German ceasefire took effect
on 25 July 1940.]
- 14 October 1940: Commander of the 13th Schützen-Brigade
of the 13th Panzer Division. [Formed at Wien from the 13th Infantry
Division (Motorized) on 11 October 1940, Generalmajor von Rothkirch
und Panthen’s new 13th Panzer Division moved to Romania where it served
as a training organization. On 22 June 1941, after moving to staging areas in
Poland, the division participated in the invasion
of the Soviet Union as a component of Generaloberst Ewald von
Kleist’s Panzer Group 1 under Army Group South.[1]
Commanded by Generalmajor Walther Düvert since 14 June 1941, the 13th Panzer
Division saw heavy combat at Uman and
Kiev during the drive through southern Russia. Taking part in the III
Panzer Corps’ capture of Rostov on 21 November 1941, the division, along
with the rest of the corps, abandoned the city a week later in the face
of the Soviet counteroffensive.]
- 1 December 1941: Delegated with the leadership
of the 13th Panzer Division on the Eastern Front. [After taking command from Generalmajor Düvert, Herr’s
division remained under the 1st Panzer Army in defensive positions along
the Mius River near Taganrog throughout the winter of 1941-1942.]
- 1 April 1942: Commander of the 13th Panzer Division
on the Eastern Front. [The 1st Panzer Army, operating under Army Group
A, took part in the German 1942 Summer Offensive. After participating
in the recapture of Rostov in July 1942, the 13th Panzer Division crossed
the Don River and then struck deep into the Caucasus. After seizing a bridgehead on the Terek River
near Mozdok in September, Herr’s division took part in the unsuccessful
bid to capture Ordzhonikidze later the next month.[2]]
- 31 October 1942: Severely wounded in the base
of the skull by shrapnel at Urukh near Dzagipars during the advance
on Ordzhonikidze/in hospital/Army High
Command Leader Reserve.
[Generalleutnant Helmut von der Chevallerie assumed command of the 13th
Panzer Division upon the wounding of Generalmajor Herr.]
- 15
June 1943: Detached to Army Group D in France.
- 29 June 1943: Delegated with the leadership of
the LXXVI Army Corps in Italy; redesignated the LXXVI Panzer Corps on
22 July 1943. [Assigned
to General der Panzertruppe (later Generaloberst) Heinrich-Gottfried
von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel’s newly
activated 10th Army in August 1943, the LXXVI Panzer Corps
was based in Calabria at the toe of Italy with the 26th Panzer and 29th
Panzer Grenadier Divisions under its command.]
- 1 September 1943-28 February 1944: Commanding
General of the LXXVI Panzer Corps in Italy (from 1 March 1944-15 April
1944, corps command delegated to Generalleutnant Dietrich von Choltitz). [On 3 September 1943, the Allies began
the invasion of the Italian mainland when the British Eighth Army crossed
the Straits of Messina and landed in Calabria (Operation Baytown). Ordered to conduct a delaying
action and withdraw northwards, Herr’s corps slowly gave ground as the
German High Command made plans to meet the main Allied landings, the
location of which remained unclear. On 9 September 1943, British and
American forces under the U.S. Fifth Army launched Operation Avalanche, the main amphibious landings
at Salerno. The German 10th
Army, including Herr’s corps, immediately contained the beachhead to
buy time for all German forces to withdraw from southern Italy. Although
the Germans nearly succeeded in forcing the Allies to evacuate the Salerno
beachhead, von Vietinghoff began withdrawing his forces on the 16th
of September. After a grudging rearguard action along the Volturno
River, the German 10th Army reached the defensive positions of the Bernhard and Gustav
Lines anchored on the Garigliano and Rapido Rivers by November
1943. Shifted from the Adriatic front and subordinated to Generaloberst
Eberhard von Mackensen’s 14th Army in early February 1944, Herr’s corps
helped contain the Allied beachhead at Anzio following the British and
American amphibious landings on 22 January 1944 (Operation Shingle).]
- 16
April 1944-26 December 1944: Again, Commanding General of the LXXVI
Panzer Corps in Italy (from 24 November 1944-13 December 1944, corps
command delegated to Generalleutnant Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck).
[After cracking the Gustav
Line at Cassino and breaking out of the Anzio bridgehead, the Allies
captured Rome on 4 June 1944. The 14th Army (commanded by General der
Panzertruppe Joachim Lemelsen since 2 June 1944), in conjunction with
von Vietinghoff’s adjacent 10th Army, executed a difficult withdrawal
through central Italy. By August 1944, both armies were ensconced in
the Arno and Gothic Line defensive positions in the North Apennines.]
- 24 November 1944-16 December 1944: Delegated with
the leadership of the 14th Army in Italy. [Herr assumed command of the army from General der
Artillerie Heinz Ziegler who had been exercising temporary leadership
for the past month. Within three weeks of taking over the 14th Army,
Herr relinquished command to General der Infanterie Kurt von Tippelskirch
for medical reasons, perhaps from complications of the head wound he
sustained in Russia on 31 October 1942.[3]]
- December 1944: Underwent a head operation/in hospital.
- 17 January 1945-15 February 1945: Convalescent
leave/in Leader Reserve.
- 15 February 1945-2 May 1945: Delegated with the
leadership of the 10th Army in Italy. [After succeeding General der Panzertruppe Joachim Lemelsen,
Herr commanded the 10th Army for the remainder of the war.[4]
In April 1945, the Allies launched their spring offensive in Italy.
With the LXXVI Panzer Corps (General
der Panzertruppe Gerhard Graf von Schwerin; Generalleutnant Karl von
Graffen from 26 April 1945), the I Parachute Corps (General der
Fallschirmtruppe Richard Heidrich) and the LXXIII Army Corps for Special
Employment (General der Infanterie Anton Dostler) under his command,
Herr’s army defended the line from Bologna to the Adriatic coast opposite
the British Eighth Army commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Richard
L. McCreery. Piercing Herr’s front, British forces surged forward capturing
Ferrara, Rovigo, Padova and Venice before swinging eastward to the Italo-Yugoslav
frontier. With the Axis forces in Italy routed, representatives of Generaloberst
von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel and SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS
Karl Wolff signed the instrument of local surrender at Caserta on 29
April 1945.[5]
At noon on 2 May 1945, all Axis forces under control of the Commander-in-Chief
Southwest and Army Group C surrendered to the Allies thus ending the
long and costly Italian campaign.[6]]
- 2 May 1945-17 May 1948: Prisoner of war in British
captivity.
- 19th June
1947 transferred from Rimini to Island Farm Special Camp 11
- 1st July
1947 transferred Island Farm Special Camp 11 to LDC (London District
Cage)
- 12th May
1948 transferred from Island Farm Special Camp 11 to Camp 186 for
repatriation.
Awards & Decorations:
- Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross: 2 October 1941,
Oberst, Commander of the 13th Schützen-Brigade.
- Oakleaves (No. 110): 9 August 1942, Generalmajor,
Commander of the 13th Panzer Division.
- Swords (No. 117): 18 December 1944, General der
Panzertruppe, Commanding General of the LXXVI Panzer Corps.
- Prussian Royal Hohenzollern House Order, Knight’s
Cross with Swords: 24 November 1917.
- Prussian Iron Cross 1st Class (1914): 21 October
1915.
- Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class (1914): 14 September
1914.
- 1939 Bar to the Prussian Iron Cross 1st Class
(1914): 12 May 1940.
- 1939 Bar to the Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class
(1914): 24 September 1939.
- Medal for the Winter Campaign in Russia 1941/1942
(“East Medal”): 3 August 1942.
- Hamburg Hanseatic Cross
- Cross of Honor for Combatants 1914-1918
- Armed Forces Long Service Award, 1st Class (25-year
Service Cross)
- Armed Forces Long Service Award, 3rd Class (12-year
Service Medal)
- Austrian War Commemorative Medal with Swords
- Commemorative Medal of 1 October 1938
- Panzer Assault Badge in Silver
- Wound Badge in Black – World War I award
- Wound Badge in Silver – World War II award
- Mentioned
in the Wehrmachtbericht [Armed Forces Communiqué]: 24 June 1944; 22
September 1944.
Sources:
- Bender,
Roger James & Odegard, Warren W. Uniforms, Organization and History
of the Panzertruppe. R. James Bender Publishing, San Jose, California,
1980 (1st Edition).
- Blumenson,
Martin. Salerno to Cassino – The United States Army in World
War II: The Mediterranean Theater of Operations. Washington D.C.:
Center of Military History, United States Army, 1988.
- Bradley,
Dermot; Hildebrand, Karl-Friedrich; Brockmann, Markus. Die Generale
des Heeres, 1921-1945, Band 5 (v. Haack-Hitzfeld). Biblio Verlag,
Osnabrück, Germany, 1999.
- Carell,
Paul. Hitler Moves East 1941-1943. Ewald Osers, translator. Bantam
Books, New York, New York, 1967 printing.
- Fisher,
Ernest F. Jr. Cassino to the Alps
– The United States Army in World War II: The Mediterranean Theater
of Operations. Washington D.C.: Center of Military History, United
States Army, 1989.
- Haupt,
Werner. Army Group South: The
Wehrmacht in Russia 1941-1945. Joseph G. Welsh, translator. Schiffer
Publishing, Ltd., Atglen, Pennsylvania, 1998.
- Kesselring,
Albert. The Memoirs of Field-Marshal
Kesselring. New foreword by Kenneth Macksey. Presidio Press, Novato,
California, 1989 printing (originally published in Germany in 1953 as
Soldat bis zum letzten Tag).
[1] On 25 October 1941, Panzer Group 1 was redesignated
the 1st Panzer Army. Generaloberst von Kleist continued to lead the army
until 22 November 1942 when General der Kavallerie Eberhard von Mackensen
took command.
[2] Ordzhonikidze was renamed Vladikavkaz in
1990 and today is the capital of the North Ossetian
Autonomous Republic in southern Russia.
[3] On 17 February 1945, General der Panzertruppe
Joachim Lemelsen succeeded von Tippelskirch to command of the 14th Army,
a post he held for the remainder of the war.
[4] Generalfeldmarschall Keßelring later paid
homage to Herr in his memoirs: “On 15 February [1945] at his own request
General Herr replaced von Vietinghoff as commander of the 10th Army. Herr
had my full confidence, although his severe head wound caused me some
apprehension, and would, I thought, team up well with his Chief of Staff,
[Oberst/Generalmajor Dietrich] Beelitz, who was exceptionally capable
and in sympathy with my methods.”
[5] SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS
Karl Wolff was held for a time at Island Farm Special Camp 11 after the
war. For further information on Wolff’s secret surrender negotiations
in Italy, refer to Operation Sunrise
detailed in his profile
[6] In
addition to the 10th and 14th Armies, Army Group C also controlled Maresciallo
d’Italia (Marshal of Italy) Rodolfo Graziani’s
Italo-German Ligurian Army, which had guarded the Gulf of Genoa
to the Franco-Italian frontier. As of 12 April 1945, the Ligurian Army
consisted of the LXXV Army Corps (General der Gebirgstruppe Hans Schlemmer)
and the Lombardy Corps (General der Artillerie Kurt Jahn).