Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt
Generalfeldmarschall Gerd Von Rundstedt
Continued
Several months
after the war had ended, certain prisoners were allowed to be escorted out of
the camp to work in the surrounding areas. Rundstedt was allowed the privilege
of being escorted to Bridgend. The shopping crowds in Nolton street and Caroline
Street took no notice of the ageing man but would most certainly have done had
he not been dressed in civilian clothes.
Some people remembered, though, how in certain shops he would jostle his way
to the front of the queue and demand preferential treatment which left many
customers angry.
Von Rundstedt was allowed to go to church in Bridgend. The guards used
to escort him to Nolton Church and on certain occasions he went to Merthyr Mawr
Church .
Von Rundstedt appreciated the fellowship that he received at St Mary's Nolton
for, on his departure back to Germany he sent the following note:
|
Click
To Enlarge Pictures:
|
|
Modern Day Pictures Of Nolton Church (St Mary's)
|
|
|
|
|
Front Of Church
|
Rear/Side Profile Of Church
|
|
|
10.5.48
Dear
Mrs Lees !
I thank you sincerely
for your kindness to send
me the delicious food-
parcel ! I hope that I
can send the 2 tinned
cans to my grand-chil
dren in Germany. The
eggs I have very en-
joyed !
With compliments
Yours very sincerely
Von Rundstedt
- Field Marshal
|
|
In
February 2005, I corresponded with one of the grand-children mentioned
in the above letter. Paul von Rundstedt told me: I believe that the
tins contained fruits and some drinking chocolate. They did not go far
seeing as there were 5 grand children, but we were very grateful, "However,
the selfish swine kept the eggs for himself!".
|
- 12 January 1948:
His son (Hans Gerd, previously a POW at Island Farm) died of throat cancer
in Hannover.
|
|
|
Gerd
von Rundstedt is given compassionate leave to attend his son's funeral
|
- 4
May 1948: Transferred to No. 231 Prisoner of War Hospital at Redgrave Hall.
-
23
July 1948: Departed the United Kingdom aboard an aircraft
bound for Germany. After a brief stay in Nürnberg, von Rundstedt was transferred
to No. 6 PW Hospital at Munsterlager.
-
29
August 1948: The British Government formally declared its intent to try
Generalfeldmarschall Walther von Brauchitsch, Generalfeldmarschall von Rundstedt,
Generalfeldmarschall Erich von Lewenski genannt von Manstein and Generaloberst
Adolf Strauß as war criminals. Effective that date, all four generals were
discharged from the Wehrmacht and no longer considered prisoners of war.[3]
-
24
September 1948: The four generals were transferred to No. 94 British Military
Hospital at Hamburg-Barmbeck.
-
1
January 1949: The British Government formally charged von Rundstedt with
20 counts of war crimes including involvement
in the Commando Order, the Commissar Order, ill-treatment and killing of
Russian civilians, partisans and prisoners of war and captured French resistance
members, and the ill-treatment, killing and deportation of Polish, Dutch,
Belgian and French civilians.
-
5
May 1949: The British Government declared von Rundstedt and Strauß medically
unfit to stand trial and ordered their release.[4]
(During the last years of his life, von Rundstedt suffered increasingly
from insomnia, chronic arteriosclerosis, osteo-arthritis and some short
term memory loss. Period photographs from his captivity clearly illustrate
von Rundstedt’s frail physical appearance and his dependence on canes for
mobility due to a painful, arthritic right hip.)
-
26
May 1949: Released from captivity
and returned to Germany. He died in Hanover on the 24th February 1953 aged
77 years.
Regarded by both Eisenhower
and Montgomery as the best of the German commanders, Rundstedt was, in truth,
well past his prime by 1942. Never an original thinker, as he was the first
to admit, he was a pragmatist, possessed of much common sense, and a believer
in decentralised command. His strength lay in his adherence to the Prussian
military code of duty, honour, and loyalty, which also made him incapable of
actively opposing Hitler and his regime.
|
27th January 2001
A fortnight ago I met the verger of Nolton Church. He
was a man in his 80s but really sharp minded. He told me that he is
the only man left alive who can bear witness to the following conversation
between the vicar at the time and Von Rundstedt. It was the final church
service and they were saying their final good byes
Vicar (Gravell) - "Oh well...we've beaten you twice...let's hope
we don't have to do it a third time"
(meaning lets hope there's no more wars and had not meant it the way
it sounded)
Rundstedt - "You never beat us"
Vicar - "Well if we didn't then who did ?"
Rundstedt turned to the church alter and said "Your faith in God...that's
what beat us"
=+=+=+=+=+=+=
I then asked him
if he'd seen any action of the war and he told me that he was meant
to have flown out to Normandy for D-Day + 1 and was stationed in Brighton
on the south coast. There was an air raid and whenever these happened
all soldiers, who were off base, had to return immediately. He was in
his lorry returning to the base when a bomb landed in the road infront
of them and blew the lorry apart and all the soldiers in it were pronounced
dead and were being taken to the mortuary. It was whilst being transferred
that his hand moved and they realised he was still alive and took him
immediately to hospital. He spent a week in a coma and his eye had been
knocked from its socket. In the bed next to him was an RAF pilot who'd
been shot down in that very same air raid and the RAF pilot's father
had come to hospital to visit him. The father was a Harley Street eye
specialist and seeing the eye as it was, offered his services and replaced
it. He reckoned he couldn't see out of it for about a fortnight but
slowly his sight returned and of the two it is the better sighted eye
!!!!!
|
|
Brett "Reading
between the lines, I get the impression von Rundstedt was referring
to the fact that religion was suppressed (but never abolished) under
the Nazis. Note that several of the inmates (including Behrends) declared
their religion as "gottgläubig" ["believer in God"]. This was a popular
declaration, particularly among members of the SS and Nazi Party. This
declaration meant that the person in question believed in God, or a
higher being in the universe, but refuted (at least publicly) any belief
in Jesus Christ and all the forms of organized religion (Catholic, Protestant,
etc.) that went along with it. I'm a hardly a theologian, but "believer
in God" could best be described as a form of Paganism. "
|
Decorations
& Awards:
- Knight’s
Cross of the Iron Cross: 30 September 1939, Generaloberst, Commander-in-Chief
of Army Group South.
- Oakleaves
(No. 519): 1 July 1944, Generalfeldmarschall, Commander-in-Chief West.
- Swords
(No. 133): 18 February 1945, Generalfeldmarschall, Commander-in-Chief
West.
- Prussian
Crown Order, 4th Class (pre-World War I award)
- Prussian
Royal Hohenzollern House Order, Knight’s Cross with Swords
- Prussian
Iron Cross, 1st Class (1914)
- Prussian
Iron Cross, 2nd Class (1914)
- 1939
Clasp to the Prussian Iron Cross, 1st Class: 21 September 1939.
- 1939
Clasp to the Prussian Iron Cross, 2nd Class: 16 September 1939.
- Bavarian
Military Merit Order, 4th Class with Crown and Swords
- Saxon
Albert Order, Knight 1st Class with Swords
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
House Order of Vigilance or the White Falcon, Knight 2nd Class (without
Swords – pre-World War I award)
- Saxe-Ernestine
Ducal House Order, Knight 1st Class (without Swords – pre-World War I
award)
- Schwarzburg
Honor Cross, 3rd Class (without Swords – pre-World War I award)
- Lippe
War Merit Cross
- Waldeck
Merit Cross, 4th Class (without Swords – pre-World War I award)
- Cross
of Honor for Combatants 1914-1918
- Prussian
Officers’ Long Service Cross (Not authorized for wear after the establishment
of the Third Reich-era Armed Forces Long Service Awards on 16 March 1936.)
- Armed
Forces Long Service Award, 1st Class with Oakleaves (40-year Service Cross)
- Armed
Forces Long Service Award, 3rd Class (12-year Service Medal)
- Prussian
Kaiser Wilhelm Centenary Medal, 1797-1897
- Commemorative
Medal of 1 October 1938
- Austrian
Military Merit Cross, 3rd Class with War Decoration
- Turkish
War Medal (“Iron Crescentâ€)
- Hungarian
Order of Merit, 1st Class: 11 August 1937.
- Order
of the Crown of Italy, Grand Cross: 7 June 1938.
- Royal
Yugoslav Order of Heisen, 2nd Class: 6 July 1938 (This decoration is listed
in The Last Prussian: A Biography of Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt,
1875-1953 by Charles Messenger. It remains
uncertain what this order is supposed to be; possibly an error/incorrect
translation?)
- Romanian
Order of Michael the Brave, 1st Class: 1 September 1942 (Royal Decree
No. 2550).
- Romanian
Order of Michael the Brave, 2nd and 3rd Classes: 19 September 1941 (Royal
Decree No. 2628).
- Mentioned
in the Wehrmachtbericht [Armed Forces Communiqué]:
6 August 1941; 8 August 1941; 19 September 1941; 11 October 1941; 12 October
1941; 10 September 1943.
NOTE:
In The Last Prussian: A Biography of Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt,
1875-1953, author Charles Messenger lists the Prussian Red Eagle Order
4th Class among von Rundstedt’s decorations. However, this decoration does
not appear in the 1 May 1926 or 1 May 1930 editions of the Rangliste des
Deutschen Reichsheeres. Messenger also caveats von Rundstedt’s World
War II (1939-1945) list of decorations with the statement, “And, possibly,
Rumanian, Hungarian, Slovak and Italian decorations.â€
|
CLICK
ON ANY PICTURE TO ENLARGE
|
|
|
|
|
Shoulder
Board
|
Close-up
of centre
|
|
Photos courtesy of Al Holland
|
Movie
Portrayals:
- Padeniye Berlina (1-r seria) or The Fall of Berlin, Part One (1949),
V. Renin.
- The
Desert Fox (1951), Leo G. Carroll.
- The
Longest Day (1962), Paul Hartmann.
- A
Bridge Too Far (1977), Wolfgang Preiss.
- War
and Remembrance (1988 TV miniseries), Anthony Bate.
Sources:
- Barnett,
Corelli (editor). Hitler’s Generals. Weidenfeld and Nicholson,
United Kingdom, 1989.
- Messenger,
Charles. The Last Prussian: A Biography of Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt,
1875-1953. Brassey’s, London, United Kingdom, 1991.
- Mitcham,
Samuel W. Jr. Hitler’s Field Marshals and their Battles.
Scarborough House, Lanham, Maryland, 1994.
- Taylor,
Telford. The March of Conquest: The German Victories
in Western Europe, 1940. Simon and Schuster, Inc., New York, New York,
1958.
[3] All
four generals were held for varying amounts of time at Island Farm Special
Camp 11 during their captivity.
[4] As Walther von Brauchitsch had died on 18
October 1948, Erich von Lewenski
genannt von Manstein proved to be the only one of the four generals previously
indicted that actually went to trial. On 19 December 1949, he was
sentenced to 18 years’ imprisonment for war crimes (later reduced to 12
years). However, he was released in May 1953.